Ohio State Health and Discovery outlined on Apr. 2 how retinoids can help improve skin by reducing signs of sun damage, acne, and scarring.
Retinoids are a group of chemical compounds often found in creams, lotions, or prescribed pills that interact with the skin to promote growth, reduce inflammation, and increase collagen production. The organization said these effects can lead to fewer wrinkles, less acne, and improved appearance of scars.
Retinoids work by converting to retinoic acid in the body. This process affects various receptors responsible for growth and inflammation in the skin. There are different types of retinoids with varying strengths; examples include retinyl esters (the weakest), retinol (vitamin A), retinaldehyde (retinal), adapalene, tretinoin (prescription strength), tazarotene (most potent prescription topical), as well as oral forms like isotretinoin which should only be used under medical supervision.
The choice of which retinoid to use depends on individual factors such as skin type and sensitivity. Ohio State Health and Discovery recommends consulting a board-certified dermatologist before starting treatment: "To determine whether you’re a good candidate for a topical retinoid to address your skin concerns, visit a board-certified dermatologist." The organization also explained that while most people tolerate gradual introduction of topical retinoids well—starting every other night before increasing frequency—some may experience redness or peeling. Applying moisturizer before or after can reduce irritation.
Retinoids have multiple uses beyond cosmetic improvement. They can treat acne by improving maturation of the skin cells and preventing clogged pores; they address sun damage through better cell turnover; boost collagen production to reduce fine lines; help normalize cell proliferation in psoriasis; aid in clearing flat warts caused by viral infections; and manage pigment disorders like melasma by reducing melanin production.
Patients should expect several months before seeing results from regular use. The organization cautioned about increased sensitivity to sunlight when using these products: "Your skin will be more sensitive to sunlight. Stay in the shade, wear sun-protective clothing and use SPF 30+ sunscreen on exposed skin..." People who are pregnant or trying to conceive should avoid using them altogether.
Ohio State Health and Discovery addresses societal issues such as health equity through its initiatives according to the official website. Its academic medical center includes hospitals and outpatient facilities according to the official website. The institution seeks advances in research, education, patient care, community involvement according to the official website, extending efforts both across Ohio and globally according to the official website. It offers resources on wellness topics including research advances according to the official website while focusing broadly on health care delivery according to the official website.
