A recent study published in the journal Obesity Reviews shows that informing individuals about their genetic risk of obesity is not sufficient to prompt lasting changes in health behaviors. The findings, announced on July 11 by researchers including those from SWPS University, indicate that effective behavioral change requires long-term and personalized support.
Obesity remains a global issue, with one in eight people worldwide living with the condition as of 2022. In 2019, an estimated five million deaths from non-communicable diseases were attributed to excess body weight. Economic costs related to obesity are projected to reach $3 trillion annually by 2030.
The research team, part of the BETTER4U project consortium funded by Horizon Europe, conducted a systematic review analyzing over 2,000 publications. Their final analysis included 23 randomized controlled trials involving nearly 8,000 participants. The study found that simply providing information about genetic risk rarely led to sustained improvements in weight management or lifestyle choices.
Zofia Szczuka, PhD, psychologist at SWPS University and first author of the study, said: "The conclusions from the study show that information about genetic risk alone does not work. Without additional support, providing patients with information about their genetic background usually does not lead to lasting changes in weight, eating habits, or physical activity levels." The researchers noted this aligns with existing theories suggesting interventions focused solely on risk communication tend to produce only short-term behavior changes or none at all.
The analysis also revealed potential drawbacks: individuals told they have a genetically low risk for obesity may develop a false sense of security and adopt less healthy behaviors. Conversely, those informed they have a high genetic risk showed greater motivation when supported by intensive programs featuring goal setting and social support.
Szczuka emphasized: "Interventions must be personalized not only in terms of the patient's genes but also specific action plans and goals. The most promising results are achieved with complex programs lasting...12 months...which combine communication about genetic risk with behavioural change techniques." The authors concluded that knowledge alone is insufficient; ongoing psychological tools and tailored action plans are essential for permanent lifestyle change.
