Many women are concerned about their chances of developing breast cancer, and understanding personal risk factors is important for long-term health, according to a June 18 article from Ohio State Health and Discovery. One in eight women will develop breast cancer during their lifetime, with increased risk linked to personal or family history.
The article distinguishes between non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. Non-modifiable risks include family history—having a first-degree relative with breast cancer can double the average lifetime risk—and certain inherited genetic alterations such as BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 genes. These gene variants account for about 70% of all known inherited genetic causes of hereditary breast cancer and can increase the likelihood of developing the disease by four to six times compared to average population risk. The article recommends discussing family history with a primary care physician to determine if clinical-grade genetic testing is appropriate.
Other non-modifiable factors include early onset of menstruation (at or before age 11) or late menopause (after age 55), which modestly increase the chance of developing breast cancer. Modifiable risks discussed include hormone replacement therapy or prolonged birth control use, having children after age 30, not breastfeeding, obesity in post-menopausal women, lack of exercise, a diet high in animal products instead of plant-based foods, and alcohol consumption. The article encourages regular exercise—at least 150 minutes per week—a healthy diet primarily based on plants, breastfeeding when possible for at least six months, maintaining appropriate body weight, and limiting alcohol intake.
Breast cancer screening remains essential for early detection; annual mammograms are recommended starting at age 40 for those at average risk. For individuals with higher risk or dense breast tissue seen on mammography, earlier screenings or supplemental imaging may be necessary. Self-exams are also advised so that any changes in breast tissue can be reported promptly to a healthcare provider.
The article notes that studies show women of color face more barriers accessing preventive care; Black women have a 42% higher death rate from breast cancer than white women and face an increased likelihood of aggressive disease types.
Ohio State Health and Discovery addresses societal issues such as health equity through research advances and community initiatives while providing resources on wellness topics through its academic medical center network—including hospitals and outpatient facilities—as part of efforts aimed at improving health across Ohio and globally, according to the official website.
