Constant phone use during conversations with a romantic partner, known as phubbing, may be linked to deeper psychological factors rather than just social etiquette, according to new research. The study was conducted by the University of Southampton, Vinzenz Pallotti University, and Ruhr University Bochum in Germany.
The research, published in Behavioral Sciences, surveyed over 200 adults in romantic relationships. It measured their attachment styles, materialistic values, and experiences with both enacting phubbing (using their phone during interactions) and perceiving it from their partners.
Findings indicate that individuals who feel insecure in close relationships are more likely to engage in or feel hurt by phubbing. This tendency is especially pronounced among those who value material success and external validation.
Study co-author Dr Claire Hart, Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Southampton, stated: "Phubbing isn't just about screen time or poor etiquette. For many people, it reflects deeper concerns about security, self-worth, and where attention and value are coming from."
The study highlights that materialistic values play a role in explaining why attachment insecurity can lead to phubbing behaviors. Smartphones provide constant opportunities for social comparison and validation through messages and online interactions.
Dr Hart explained: "Materialism amplifies the pull of the phone. If self-worth is tied to external symbols or validation, digital engagement can start to compete with, or even replace, real-world connection."
Researchers suggest that addressing phubbing may require more than simply advising people to reduce phone use. Interventions could focus on improving relationship security and reducing dependence on external validation.
Dr Hart added: "Taking this approach could be especially valuable in relationship counselling, digital wellbeing initiatives, and conversations between couples about technology and intimacy." She also noted: "Understanding why people reach for their phones helps us move beyond blame. Phubbing can be a signal of unmet emotional needs - not just distraction."
