Coughing is a common symptom of colds, often accompanied by a runny nose, sneezing, sore throat, and fatigue. Typically, these symptoms subside within one to two weeks. However, some individuals experience prolonged coughing even after other symptoms have resolved.
Coughing serves as a protective reflex developed over time to expel irritants from the lungs and protect the airway from obstructions. According to experts, residual inflammation in the lungs following an upper respiratory tract infection can cause continued coughing. Staying hydrated can help thin mucus, making it easier to expel.
Nighttime coughing can be particularly disruptive due to sinus congestion or mucus drainage down the throat when lying down. In severe cases where sleep is affected, a cough suppressant with codeine may be recommended.
There are distinctions between wet and dry coughs. Wet coughs produce mucus and are usually related to infections of the upper respiratory tract or sinuses, typically resolving within 10 to 14 days. Preventive measures include covering the mouth when coughing or sneezing, regular hand washing, sanitizing surfaces, and avoiding shared utensils.
Dry coughs do not produce mucus and can persist for more than three weeks. Chronic dry coughs may be caused by allergies, asthma, certain medications like ACE inhibitors and NSAIDs, or acid reflux.
Medical evaluation is advised if a cough persists beyond three weeks or presents with severe symptoms such as blood in sputum, high fever, or significant shortness of breath. Persistent coughing could indicate serious conditions like pneumonia or cancer.
"An exception: If you’re showing signs of the highly contagious whooping cough (pertussis), don’t wait," advises medical professionals. Whooping cough starts like a cold but escalates with nausea, vomiting, persistent fever, and severe coughing and requires immediate antibiotic treatment.
