Wearables measure several aspects of health, and heart rate variability is one of them. It may be surprising when your device informs you that your heart rate variability is high or low, but what does it mean? Elijah Behr, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic Healthcare in London, explains heart rate variability and how it factors into health.
“It measures the balance of nerve activity in the body and the way it relates to your heart rate and blood pressure,” Dr. Behr explains.
The nerve system that heart rate variability relates to is called the autonomic nervous system. It can be thought of as the balance between the effects of adrenaline in the body and the other part of the nervous system, the vagus nerve, Dr. Behr adds.
“From beat to beat, or over periods of time, heart rate variability can be measured in different ways to try to assess this balance within the autonomic nervous system,” he says.
“In general people who have higher heart rate variability are more likely to have better cardiovascular fitness. Athletes tend to have a very high heart rate variability, for instance,” Dr. Behr says.
People with lower heart rate variability may be likelier to lack cardiovascular fitness or to have underlying heart disease, he explains.
For people who haven’t been diagnosed with a heart condition and are otherwise healthy, heart rate variability alone isn’t information that a doctor can act upon, Dr. Behr says.
“Heart rate variability by itself isn’t likely to give you a good view of your likelihood of say, heart attack or cardiac arrest or other heart rhythm problems. It doesn’t provide enough detail to say, `Yes, you’re at heightened risk of X,’” he says.
Research on heart rate variability in patients who have had heart attacks has not been incorporated as yet into clinical decision-making about them, such as treating someone more aggressively, Dr. Behr says.
“One could say to a patient that you need to exercise more, lose a bit of weight, get fitter. But these are things that would be promoted for heart health generally,” Dr. Behr says.
“Ignore it as a stand-alone measure. Do use it as a way of pushing you toward being a bit healthier in your lifestyle,” Dr. Behr advises. “Watch blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, exercise; if you’re worried about your heart rate variability, you should be worried about these. They are more tangible risks that can be acted upon and that we know will have an impact on your longevity.”
Mayo Clinic Healthcare is located in London and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mayo Clinic—a not-for-profit academic medical center ranked No. 1 by U.S. News & World Report in more specialties than any other hospital due to its quality care.
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