A group of Monash University researchers used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to study the effects of hearing impairment on other aspects of brain development. The aim of this research is to aid in the development of a new device currently under clinical trial, which promises to transform early diagnosis and treatment options.
"Since the age of the infants in our study varied considerably, we could quantify how these regions become increasingly functionally linked together with age and compare with the connectivity levels seen in adults by the end of the first year. By establishing the typical developmental trajectory of language areas in early childhood our results help us to better understand the altered connectivity and its effects on language delays often seen in hearing-impaired infants. fNIRS is a relatively inexpensive and child-friendly brain imaging technique suitable for clinical use. Having diagnostic tools that facilitate early assessment of hearing helps infants with impaired hearing access effective treatments earlier in life, giving them the best chance to keep up with their peers.", said Ishara Paranawithana.
Opening up a new chapter in auditory research, Hearing loss in children can greatly impact the development of parts of the brain influencing speech and language. At present, there are numerous tests that can be conducted on infants to help determine hearing impairment. However, these tests are invasive and take months, making them very strenuous for infants and parents. A group of Monash University researchers conducted a study testing a new kind of hearing loss detection device, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). This technology was tested on infants during their first year. It non-invasively scans the brain to show researchers brain development.
Highlighting the importance for timely interventions, It’s crucial for hearing impairment to be identified in children as early as possible so that doctors can treat other affected areas of the brain. According to Professor Colette McKay, lead researcher of infant hearing at the Bionics Institute: "The findings will help us track development of language in infants with hearing impairment, and optimize and fast track their early intervention. Ultimately, we want to give babies born deaf or hard-of-hearing the best chance of hearing clearly and learning to talk." These research findings will contribute to the development of EarGenie, a new hearing device currently undergoing clinical trial.
Demonstrating potential applications, According to Ishara Paranawithana, Ph.D. student and researcher: "Since the age of the infants in our study varied considerably, we could quantify how these regions become increasingly functionally linked together with age and compare with the connectivity levels seen in adults by the end of the first year. By establishing the typical developmental trajectory of language areas in early childhood our results help us to better understand the altered connectivity and its effects on language delays often seen in hearing-impaired infants. fNIRS is a relatively inexpensive and child-friendly brain imaging technique suitable for clinical use. Having diagnostic tools that facilitate early assessment of hearing helps infants with impaired hearing access effective treatments earlier in life, giving them the best chance to keep up with their peers"
